Political movements and parties

by Harris, William C. The American Party, also known as the Know-Nothing Party, was organized in North Carolina by Kenneth Rayner during the winter of 1854-55. Its opponents referred to it as the "Know-Nothing Party" [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Norris, David A. Anti-Federalists by David A. Norris, 2006 During the debates [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Carrier, Sarah. Ann George Atwater was a lifelong grassroots civil rights activist in Durham, North Carolina. She was born in Hallsboro, Columbus County on July 1, 1935. As a child, she attended the Farmers’ Union [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by McGee, Barry. Blue Lodges were secret groups organized to defend slavery and the "southern way of life" in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The new law, sponsored by Senator Stephen A. Douglas of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Harris, William C. Bourbons were conservative Democrats who came to power in North Carolina after Reconstruction, which officially ended in 1877. They were also sometimes known as "Redeemer" Democrats because they [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. In his gubernatorial campaign of 1948, W. Kerr Scott strongly appealed to voters whose roots were in the soil. Scott called them "Branchhead Boys," referring to people who lived at the head of the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Losse, Helen. The Colored Farmers' Alliance was created when an agricultural depression hit the South around 1870 and farmers began to organize themselves into radical political groups. It paralleled the white [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), founded in 1919 with support from the Julius Rosenwald Fund and based in Atlanta, was dedicated to the improvement of race relations in the South. In [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cain, Robert J. Following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917, American sympathizers founded several communist parties. The two largest ones merged in 1921 to form what came to be called the Communist Party [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McKinney, Gordon B. The Confederate Party was active in political battles in North Carolina during the Civil War. In a real sense, the party was created by its opponents, who eventually called themselves [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Daniels, Dennis F., Freeman, Joan E., Roe, Charles E., Rohr, Karl, Murray, Raymond L., Shires, Nancy P. Conservation Movement by Charles E. Roe and Karl Rohr, 2006 Additional research provided by Dennis F. Daniels, Joan E. Freeman, Raymond L. Murray, and Nancy P. Shires. See also: Biltmore [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Roe, Charles E., Rohr, Karl. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Initial Water Conservation, Forestry Regulation, and Antipollution Policies; Part iii: Development of the Modern Environmental Movement; Part iv: New Programs, Legal [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Roe, Charles E., Rohr, Karl. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Initial Water Conservation, Forestry Regulation, and Antipollution Policies; Part iii: Development of the Modern Environmental Movement; Part iv: New Programs, Legal [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W., Vocci, Robert Blair. Conservatism is a school of thought emphasizing the need to maintain traditional order and institutions in the face of radical change. Although its usage has evolved with North Carolina's changing [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Vocci, Robert Blair, Starnes, Richard D. The Democratic Party has wielded great political power in North Carolina. The state's politics have largely been defined by periods of unchallenged, one-party Democratic rule interrupted by other [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Michael Thomas. Destructives, the nickname of the original supporters of North Carolina's secession from the Union and involvement in the Civil War, received their unflattering designation from their opponents, the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Holden, Charles J. Dixiecrats, officially members of the States' Rights Democratic Party, formed after the 1947 publication of President Harry S Truman's Committee on Civil Rights report, To Secure These Rights. This [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Nash, Steven E. Emancipation by Steven E. Nash, 2006 See also: Contrabands; African Americans - part 3: Emancipation Emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the south became official on 1 Jan. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hill, Steven. Eppes, Henry By Steven A. Hill. Copyright 2017. Published with permission. For personal educational use and not for further distribution. 16 Sept 1830 - 29 Jan 1903 See also: Eppes, Charles [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Justesen, Benjamin R. The North Carolina State Equal Rights League, founded in 1865, grew out of the state's first freedmen's convention, held in Raleigh on 29 Sept. 1865. Although the state was ruled by Presidential [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hunt, James L. The Farmers' Alliance, formally known as the North Carolina State Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, was a large and influential organization of farmers and rural citizens that was founded in [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Doak, Hoyt, Mcarver, Charles H., Jr. The Federalist Party, originating in the early 1790s, endured longer in North Carolina than in any other southern state, although it generally achieved only modest success throughout its existence. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Troxler, George W. Flying squadrons, or motorcades of union picketers, were first used widely in North Carolina by the United Textile Workers of America (UTWA) in the industry's massive General Textile Strike of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. "Free produce" was the term applied to anything grown, manufactured, or otherwise produced by nonslave labor. The term came into use when abolitionists, particularly Quakers, agreed to avoid buying [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hunt, James L. Between 1894 and 1900 the North Carolina Republican and Populist Parties cooperated in state elections and in state government. That cooperation was labeled "Fusion" by its Democratic opponents, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. Gideon's Band was the name of a secret political order that purportedly operated in North Carolina between 1892 and 1894. The group, which was said to have only a few hundred adherents, was believed [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J., Ireland, Robert E. The Good Roads Campaign to improve North Carolina's roads and highways was first launched in Asheville in 1899 by the Buncombe County Good Roads Association, ultimately leading to the state earning [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wall, James W. Hardie Hogan Helper, abolitionist, Union soldier, journalist, and moderate Republican Reconstruction leader, was born two miles west of Mocksville, the son of Daniel J. and Sarah Brown Helper. He [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Raper, Horace W. Joseph William Holden, poet, newspaperman, and state political leader, was born in Raleigh, the son of William Woods and Ann Augusta Young Holden. He attended the Lovejoy School in Raleigh and later [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stumpf, Vernon O. George Hooper, Wilmington merchant, clerk of court, commissioner of navigation, alleged Loyalist, and later first president of the Bank of Cape Fear, was a native of Boston, Mass. He was a younger [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Copeland, J. Isaac. Johnson Jones Hooper, lawyer, newspaper editor, and short story writer, was born in Wilmington, the sixth and youngest child of Archibald Maclaine and Charlotte De Berniere Hooper. His forebears from [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The John Birch Society was founded in Indianapolis on 9 Dec. 1958 by Robert Henry Winborne Welch Jr., a Fundamentalist Baptist born in Chowan County and a graduate of the University of North Carolina [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Vocci, Robert Blair. The John Locke Foundation, named for the seventeenth century English philosopher whose writings are central to American political thought, is a Raleigh-based nonprofit and nonpartisan think tank, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Haskins, Ralph W. Johnson, Andrew by Ralph W. Haskins, 1988; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, May 2023 29 Dec. 1808–31 July 1875 See also:  Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson, seventeenth [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Alexander, Roberta Sue. Alexander Hamilton Jones, newspaper editor and Republican congressman, was born in Buncombe County near Asheville where he received his early education. He explained that during his youth he taught [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Jones, H. G. Richard Jones, farmer, miller, and legislator, was born in Virginia but moved to Caswell County, N.C., where he married Mary Ann ("Polley") Foster in 1811. Beginning with his wife's inherited farm on [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bennington, David Allen. Thomas Laurens Jones, lawyer, legislator, and congressman, was born on his father's estate, White Oak, in Rutherford County. He was the son of George Jones, a planter of Welsh-English descent and a [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Troxler, George W. Jordan, Benjamin Everett by George W. Troxler, 1988 8 Sept. 1896–15 Mar. 1974 See also:  Charles Edward Jordan (from the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography) Benjamin [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Lewis, Henry W. John Kinchen, lawyer, Revolutionary patriot, and legislator, was born at the home of his father, William Kinchen, Jr., a well-to-do merchant-planter who settled on the south side of the Roanoke River [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Brawley, James S. Locke, Matthew by James S. Brawley, 1991; Revised May 2022, NC Government & Heritage Library  1730–7 Sept. 1801 Matthew Locke, colonial and Revolutionary leader and member of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Ballinger, Susan C. London, Henry Mauger by Susan C. Ballinger, 1991 11 Apr. 1879–30 Dec. 1939 Henry Mauger London, state legislative reference librarian, was born in Pittsboro, the oldest son and second of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Troxler, Carole W., Morgan, Laura. Loyalists by Carole Watterson Troxler, 2006 Additional research provided by Laura Morgan. See also: Act of Pardon and Oblivion; Brown's Marsh, Battle of; Highland Regiment, North [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Morgan, Laura. Loyalists by Carole Watterson Troxler, 2006 Additional research provided by Laura Morgan. See also: Act of Pardon and Oblivion; Brown's Marsh, Battle of; Highland Regiment, North [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Morgan, Laura. Loyalists by Carole Watterson Troxler, 2006 Additional research provided by Laura Morgan. See also: Act of Pardon and Oblivion; Brown's Marsh, Battle of; Highland Regiment, North [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Morgan, Laura. Loyalists by Carole Watterson Troxler, 2006 Additional research provided by Laura Morgan. See also: Act of Pardon and Oblivion; Brown's Marsh, Battle of; Highland Regiment, North [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Morgan, Laura. Loyalists by Carole Watterson Troxler, 2006 Additional research provided by Laura Morgan. See also: Act of Pardon and Oblivion; Brown's Marsh, Battle of; Highland Regiment, North [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence by Ronnie W. Faulkner, 2006; Additional research provided by Kelly Agan; Revised December 2021 See also: Pre-revolutionary Resolves; Mecklenburg [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Steelman, Lala Carr. James Marion Mewborne, farmer, Farmers' Alliance leader, state senator, and public servant, was born in Vance Township, Lenoir County, the son of Levi and Susan Parrott Mewborne. He became prominent [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Rodenbough, Charles D. Moore, Gabriel by Charles D. Rodenbough, 1991 1785–6 Aug. 1844 Gabriel Moore, congressman, U.S. senator, and governor of Alabama, was born in Surry [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Gavins, Raymond, Vocci, Robert Blair. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by Raymond Gavins, 2006 Additional research provided by Robert Blair Vocci. The National Association for the Advancement of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. The National Congressional Club (NCC), originally the Congressional Club of North Carolina and later renamed the Conservative Club, was a political action committee formed by Tom Ellis in 1973 to [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Michael Thomas. Nativism, or support for anti-immigrant discrimination, briefly emerged as a major political force in North Carolina and nationwide in the early 1850s. A lengthy economic depression in the previous [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Harris, William C. The Opposition Party was the name temporarily adopted in 1860 by North Carolina members of the Whig Party, which had practically dissolved over the slavery issue. Its supporters nominated John Pool [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. In the summer of 1978, Ward Transformer Company paid a trucking company to drive along rural North Carolina roads at night to discharge liquid contaminated with PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) onto [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Wall, James W. Joseph Pearson, congressman, lawyer, legislator, and planter, was born in Rowan County. He was the son of Richmond Pearson, Patriot leader and soldier in the American Revolution, who moved to North [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Towles, Louis P. The People's Ticket of Andrew Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president won the popular vote of North Carolina in the 1824 election despite the overwhelming support of the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Michael Thomas. Political Parties by Michael Thomas Smith, 2006 See also: Anti-Federalists; Democratic Party; Dixiecrats; Federalist Party; Fusion of Republicans and Populists; Populist Party; Republican [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hunt, James L. Populist Party by James L. Hunt, 2006 See also: Farmers' Alliance; Fusion of Republicans and Populists; Gideon's Band; Red Shirts; South Dakota v. North Carolina. The Populist Party, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Criner, Allyson C., Cockrell, David L. Progressivism, like its ideological counterpoise, conservatism, has taken different forms in North Carolina. Progressivism generally refers to a political philosophy that promotes measures leading to [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Butler, Lindley S. From the summer of 1774 through 1776, five extralegal representative assemblies patterned after the colonial Lower House led the transition from royal to state government in North Carolina. In the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Starnes, Richard D. Quids, or Tertium Quids (meaning "a third way"), were a splinter political group organized by members of the early Republican Party. Beginning in the 1790s, the Republicans and their principal [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Andrews, William L. John Baptis Rayner, educator and politician, was born into slavery in Raleigh, the son of Kenneth Rayner, a prominent plantation owner, and Mary Ricks, a slave. With the aid of his father, Rayner [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Jordan, John R., Jr. Kenneth Rayner, congressman, legislator, national leader of the Whig party, and planter was born in Bertie County, the son of the Reverend Amos Rayner, a Baptist minister and a veteran of the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hunt, James L. The Red Shirts were a white supremacist terrorist group and intimidation wing of the Democratic Party in North Carolina during the late nineteenth century. They were active in the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Pleasants, Julian M. Monroe Minor Redden, congressman and attorney, was born in Hendersonville, the son of John L. and Julia Trimble Redden. Educated in the public schools of Henderson County, he was graduated from the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Vocci, Robert Blair. The Republican Party in North Carolina has progressed through several discrete periods of strength and weakness to become a prominent political organization in the state, on a nearly equal [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Pleasants, Julian M. Robert Rice Reynolds, U.S. senator and attorney, was born in Asheville, the son of William Taswell and Mamie Spears Reynolds. Reynolds was descended from a distinguished pioneering family. Colonel [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Joseph Riddick, political leader, was likely born in that portion of Perquimans County that became a part of Gates County in 1779. He may have been the son of Joseph and Hannah Riddick. His surname [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Medley, Mary L. Leonidas Dunlap Robinson, attorney and congressman, was born on the family plantation in Gulledge township, Anson County, the son of John and Araminta Robinson of English ancestry. Educated in the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Robinson, Blackwell P. Robinson, William Smith O'Brien by Blackwell P. Robinson, 1994 27 Apr. 1852–17 Oct. 1927 William Smith O'Brien Robinson, judge, lawyer, and Republican [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Robinson, Blackwell P. Ruffin, Thomas by Blackwell P. Robinson, 1994; Revised by Jared Dease, Government and Heritage Library, January 2023   See also: State v. John Mann, State v. Negro Will 17 [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cain, Robert J. Junius Irving Scales, from a prominent Greensboro family that included his great-uncle, Governor Alfred Moore Scales, in 1939 joined the Communist Party of the United States while enrolled at the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Jolly, Benjamin A. Ralph James Scott, congressman, state legislator, and district attorney, was born on a farm in southeastern Surry County's Shoals Township, the son of Samuel Martin and Daisy Murphy (Cook) Scott. His [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. James Biddle Shepard, lawyer, legislator, and poet, was born in New Bern, the son of William Biddle and Mary Blount Shepard of Elmwood, Pasquotank County. He was related to the Biddle and Pettigrew [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. Silver Fusion by Ronnie W. Faulkner, 2006 See also: Fusion of Republicans and Populists; Populist Party; Wilmington Coup (NC Archives & History); Wilmington Coup (Encyclopedia [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Sims, E. Thomas. Leonard Henly Sims, congressman and farmer, was born in Burke County, the son of Dr. Swepson and Jane Meriwether Lewis Sims. The younger Sims, who received a limited amount of schooling, moved to [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wilson, Joni Elisa. Jesse Slocumb, congressman, was born near the site of the future town of Dudley in southern Wayne County, the son of Ezekiel and Mary (Polly) Hooks Slocumb. He received a modest education locally and [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The Socialist Party of North Carolina (SPNC), formed in 1996, is the modern affiliate of the national Socialist Party, which was organized in July 1901 by the merger of the Social Democratic Party, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Gavins, Raymond. Southern Christian Leadership Conference by Raymond Gavins, 2006 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), established in 1957 in Atlanta and headed by Martin Luther King Jr. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McGee, David. The Spirit of the Age was a temperance newspaper established in 1849 in Raleigh by Alexander M. Gorman, who earlier had served as the foreman of the Raleigh Register's office. It began as the organ [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. Before its ratification, much of the opposition to the U.S. Constitution related to the fear of giving too much authority to the federal government. Such fear was based largely on the high-handed [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Glover, Erma Williams. Thaddeus Garland Stem, Jr., poet, essayist, newspaper columnist, and short-story writer, the son of Thaddeus G., attorney at law, and Hallie Mayes Stem, was born in his parents' home at 104 East [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Whatley, L. McKay. Benjamin Swaim, lawyer, printer, author, and newspaperman, was almost certainly the son of William (10 Mar. 1770–1 June 1850) and Elizabeth Sherwood Swaim (8 Nov. 1773–14 Aug. 1835). They and several [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bell, John L., Jr. The Taxpayers' League was formed in Buncombe County in early 1928 to promote fiscal responsibility and electoral reform in local government. The Buncombe County league was organized because a [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Norris, David A. "Tory" was a political term originally applied to members of the political party in England that favored the policies of the monarchy and the established church over the king's opponents in [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Dougan, Michael B. Jesse Turner, pioneer Arkansas lawyer, politician, and industrialist, was born in Orange County. His family, of Scots-Irish descent, emigrated from County Downs, Ireland, in 1750 to Lancaster, Pa., [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Wiley J. The Warren Junto was the nickname of a group of politicians, led by Nathaniel Macon and all having some connection to Warren County, who were instrumental in the growth of the Jeffersonian Republican [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Alexander, Roberta Sue. Edward Jenner Warren, lawyer, jurist, and legislator, was born in Wardsboro, Vt., the third of twelve children of John Parker and Lucy Maynard Wheelock Warren, both of whom descended from a long line [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Snider, William D. Organized on 26 May 1884 in Raleigh, the Watauga Club sprang out of the desire of a group of young, professional North Carolinians to look toward the future rather than remain transfixed by the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Gatton, T. Harry. Alston Davidson Watts, Democratic political leader, legislator, public official, and newspaper publisher, was born in Shiloh Township, Iredell County, near Statesville, the son of Margaret Morrison [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Houghton, Jonathan. Robert Henry Winborne Welch, Jr., businessman and founder of the John Birch Society, was born in Chowan County, the son of Robert H. W. and Lina V. James Welch. The first of his paternal ancestors [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Norris, David A. The Whig Party was formed during the 1830s by the union of diverse factions that opposed the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. Many supported Henry Clay, a proponent of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Agan, Kelly, Scott, Jordan. Williams, Robert Franklin by Jordan Scott and Kelly Agan, Government & Heritage Library, 2019; Revised September 2022 26 Feb. 1925-15 Oct. 1996 Robert F. Williams was an American [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Alexander, Roberta Sue. Tyre York, physician and politician, was born in Rockford, Surry County, the son of Michael York, a Surry County farmer. After attending the common schools in his home county, young York entered the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Fant, H. B. John Smith Young, Louisiana lawyer, Confederate officer, jurist, legislator, congressman, and sheriff, had ancestral connections with Granville County but was born on his father's plantation in [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)