Enslaved People and Slavery

by Watson, Harry L. 1830-1850: Antebellum NC Begins Originally published as "Winning the Fight for Progress-- North Carolina's Antebellum years begin: 1830-1850" by Harry L. Watson Reprinted with permission from [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Job, Jennifer. Abolitionist slideshow answer keyAn optional answer key to assess student work from this [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Job, Jennifer. Abolitionist slideshow answer keyAn optional answer key to assess student work from this [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Job, Jennifer. Abolitionist slideshow answer keyAn optional answer key to assess student work from this [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Franck, Julie. Galloway, Abraham 8 Feb.1837 - 1 Sept.1870 by Julie Franck, North Carolina State University, 2013; Revised September 2022 Abraham Galloway was a formerly enslaved person, Union spy and [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. Ad valorem taxation of enslaved people was a major political issue in antebellum North Carolina and continued during the Civil War as a manifestation of the divisions between the planter class and [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Below sends notice of a runaway slave. The next two paragraphs are advertisements for an enslaved Black woman and enslaved American Indian boy. The two paragraphs after that are job advertisements. [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Crow, Jeffrey J. African Americans and the Revolution Originally published as "'Liberty to Slaves': The Black Response" by Jeffrey J. Crow; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, June [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Alexander, Roberta Sue, Barfield, Rodney D., Nash, Steven E. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Life under slavery and the achievements of free Black people; Part iii: Emancipation and the Freedmen's Fight for Civil Rights; Part iv: Segregation and the struggle [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wilson, Madafo Lloyd. African and African American Storytelling By Madafo Lloyd Wilson Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2002. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by LeCount, Charles. One hundred fifty years ago, nearly all North Carolinians made their living by farming. And even the majority of those who did not actually farm were still tied to the state’s agricultural economy: [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Lasley, Rebecca Graham. Anti-Slavery Movement in North Carolina by Rebecca Graham Lasley Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Fall 2008; Revised by NC Government & Heritage Library, May [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . Auction of Enslaved People at Richmond, Virginia Wood engraving shows an enslaved, Black woman being auctioned for sale by an enslaver in front of crowd of [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by McGee, Barry. Blue Lodges were secret groups organized to defend slavery and the "southern way of life" in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The new law, sponsored by Senator Stephen A. Douglas of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cecelski, David S. I spoke with Hattie Brown as we walked through the old graveyard in Goshen, a black farming community in Jones County. She had a story for each of the dead. Her most striking memories were her [...] (from Listening to History, News and Observer.)

by Gaddis, Elijah. Caledonia, located just south of the Roanoke River in Halifax County, North Carolina, has undergone many changes in its 300 year history. Starting in the early 18th century, Caledonia was settled by [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . The next row harks a $50 award for a capture of a runaway enslaved Black men, Toney and John, an announcement for the court of pleas and quarter session, sale of enslaved Black children and women, [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Carolina Watchman ads: January 7, 1837 (Page 2 of 2) Scanned page of classified advertisements in the January 7, 1837 issue of the Carolina [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Brown, Flora Bryant. African American Civil Rights in North Carolina by Dr. Flora Bryant Brown Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Fall 2004; Revised by NC Government and Heritage Library, [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Hoskins, Mary Katherine. Levi Coffin, abolitionist, temperance leader, and philanthropist, was born in New Garden, Guilford County, a descendant of Tristam Coffin, who came to America in 1642 and was one of nine purchasers [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Mitchell, Memory F., Canipe, Jeremy T. Colonization Societies were organized in the early nineteenth century to promote the relocation of African Americans, particularly free blacks, to places such as Haiti, Liberia, the American Midwest, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Howard, Joshua. Tar Heels at Harper's Ferry, October 16-18, 1859: John Anthony Copeland By Joshua Howard, Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History, 2011; Revised March 2022, Government and Heritage [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Hunter, Crystal. Born in Wilmington, N.C. in 1785, to a free mother and an enslaved father, David Walker, although deemed free by law, was no stranger to the “avaricious” (a term he uses throughout the Appeal to [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Armistead, Terrell L. Devereux, John, Jr. by Terrell L. Armistead, 1986; Revised October 2022 17 Dec. 1820–10 Apr. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Inscoe, John C. Dred, published in 1856, was Harriet Beecher Stowe's much-anticipated sequel to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) in which she sought to further fan the flames of antislavery sentiment. The book was a [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Painting of Dred Scott, an enslaved person from Missouri and the plaintiff in the infamous Dred Scott Supreme Court Case of 1857. The painting was done by Louis Schultze, commissioned by a "group of [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Nash, Steven E. Emancipation by Steven E. Nash, 2006 See also: Contrabands; African Americans - part 3: Emancipation Emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the south became official on 1 Jan. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Towles, Louis P. Emancipation Day by Louis P. Towles, 2006; Revised October 2022. Emancipation Day in North Carolina was initiated on 1 Jan. 1865 at Union-occupied New Bern. It [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Excerpt from interview with Fountain Hughes Formerly enslaved person Fountain Hughes interviewed by Hermond Norwood, Baltimore, Maryland, June 11, [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Kelo, Dan. Exterior view of a house for enslaved people at Horton Grove at Historic Stagville, North Carolina. Paul Cameron ordered these houses to be built in 1850 in hopes of improving the health of [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . This engraving was published in the Illustrated London News in December 1863, illustrated by Frank Vizetelly. Depicted is the proprietary enslaver, his family, and their enslaved people [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Farley, Jennifer. This African chant mourns the loss of Olaudah Equiano, an eleven-year-old boy who, in 1755, was kidnapped from his home in what is now Nigeria. He was purchased by a captain in the British Royal [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Powell, William S. "Free produce" was the term applied to anything grown, manufactured, or otherwise produced by nonslave labor. The term came into use when abolitionists, particularly Quakers, agreed to avoid buying [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by McGee, Barry. Free Soilers were members of an antislavery political party in the years before the Civil War that supported free distribution of government-owned lands. Most North Carolinians probably could have [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Yanchisin, D. A. Daniel Reaves Goodloe, abolitionist and journalist, was born in Louisburg, the son of Dr. James Kemp Strother Goodloe, a school-teacher who studied medicine but never practiced it, and Mary Reaves [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Mitchell, Samantha. Grandy, Moses by Samantha Mitchell, North Carolina State University, 2013; Revised April 2022 b.1786? Moses Grandy was a skilled seaman and black antislavery activist born into slavery [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Kassa, Kemisa. Edward “Ned” Griffin (Griffis, Griffes, Griffen) was a multiracial landowner and soldier during the American Revolution. Griffin was likely born in the mid-18th century. Edward’s true age, as well as [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Knapp, Sharon E. Benjamin Sherwood Hedrick, educator, chemist, and antislavery activist, was born in western Davidson County near Salisbury, the son of Elizabeth Sherwood and John Leonard Hedrick, a farmer and [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Composite of scenes of Nat Turner's rebellion. Caption reads: The Scenes which the above Plate is designed to repesent are -- Fig. 1. A Mother intreating for the lives of her Children. -- 2. Mr [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . I’m Gwine Home on de Mornin’ Train is part of the John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip collection at the Library of Congress. John Lomax was a folklorist and [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . Illustration of a freedom seeking enslaved person (also known as "freedom seekers," or, formerly, "runaway slaves") carrying a knapsack.. The caption under the image reads, "This picture of a [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Faulkner, Ronnie W. The Impending Crisis of the South by Ronnie W. Faulkner, 2006 The Impending Crisis of the South, by Rowan County born abolitionist Hinton Rowan Helper (1829-1909), was published by A. B. [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Yellin, Jean Fagan. Harriet Jacobs by Jean Fagan Yellin, Revised March 2022 by NC Government and Heritage Library  See also: Harriet Ann Jacobs for K-8 students February 11, 1813 [or 1815] - March 7, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cecelski, David S. I recently joined Marvin Tupper Jones at his family's annual reunion and fish fry. We were in Pleasant Plains, part of an extraordinary, 9-mile-long swath of land in the state's rural, northeast [...] (from Listening to History, News and Observer.)

by Leder, Eric. Thomas H. Jones was a self-educated abolitionist, minister, and author who spent much of his early life in Wilmington, North Carolina. Most information about Jones is from his popular autobiography [...] (from NCpedia.)

by Parris, Richard W. Thomas McKissick Jones, lawyer, judge, legislator, Confederate congressman, and enslaver, was born in Person County, the son of Wilson and Rebecca McKissick Jones. When Thomas was an infant, the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Malone, E. T., Jr. Edmund Noah Joyner, Episcopal priest, missionary, soldier, poet, and newspaper editor, was born in the Marlboro community near Farmville in Pitt County, the son of Dr. Noah and Emily Adelaide [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Wegner, Ansley Herring. Keckly (Keckley), Elizabeth Hobbs by Ansley Wegner, Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History, 2013; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, January [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Parramore, Thomas C. The Knights of the Golden Circle (KGC) was a secret military organization created in 1859 by George W. L. Bickley in Cincinnati, Ohio. Its stated aim was to sponsor and conduct military expeditions [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cotten, Alice R. Lunsford Lane was an enslaved then free black businessman, and lecturer. He was the only child of Edward and Clarissa Lane, who were enslaved people who were from Raleigh. His parents [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stokes, Matt. Last Days of the Confederacy: Jefferson Davis in Greensboro and Charlotte, April 1865 By Matt Stokes, Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History, [...] (from Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History.)

by Hall, Lisa Coston. By some estimates, during the first half of the 1800s, roughly a third of North Carolina's residents moved to other states. The third-most populous state in the Union in 1790, North Carolina by 1860 [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . List of enslaved people on Cameron family plantations - 1844, page 2 A page from Duncan Cameron’s account books dated July 31, 1892. It enumerates enslaved people and their duties with respect to [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Long Way to Travel is part of the John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip collection at the Library of Congress. John Lomax was a folklorist and musicologist who [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Norris, David A., Kirkman, Roger N. Manumission societies began as an eighteenth-century movement to abolish slavery through voluntary emancipation. The undertaking was initiated primarily by the Society of Friends (Quakers) on grounds [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, William S., Jr. Maroons by William S. Smith, 2006 See also: African Americans; Great Dismal Swamp; Slave Rebellions; [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walser, Richard. John Charles McNeill, poet, journalist, and lawyer, was born at Ellerslie, his father's farm near Wagram in Richmond (later Scotland) County. His two grandfathers had emigrated from Argyllshire, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Murray, Elizabeth D. R. Julius Melbourn, said to have been born on 4 July 1790 in Wake County, was apparently a fictitious character invented to perpetrate a literary hoax. In 1847, the firm of Hall and Dickson in Syracuse, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Newlin, Algie I. John Newlin, merchant, industrialist, land speculator, abolitionist, and Quaker leader, was born in the southeastern part of present-day Alamance County. He was in the sixth generation of descendants [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Lunk, Daniel. [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Bond, Mattison. The North Carolina Freedom Park is located in downtown Raleigh on the corner of Wilmington and Lane Streets, behind the NC Department of Natural and Cultural Resources’ Archives and History/State [...] (from ANCHOR: A North Carolina History Online Resource.)

by Walbert, David. [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Anderson, Jean B. Planters and Slaves: 1770-1820 By Elizabeth A. Fenn, Peter H. Wood, Harry L. Watson, Thomas H. Clayton, Sydney Nathans, Thomas C. Parramore, and Jean B. Anderson; Maps by Mark Anderson Moore. [...] (from The Way We Lived in North Carolina, NC Office of Archives and History and UNC Press.)

by . The view through the door of a holding pen for enslaved people on Gorée Island, Senegal, which was once a major West African trading outpost for enslaved people. African people captured inland [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Huddle, Mark Andrew. The antebellum years were dangerous times for anyone with the temerity to preach an abolitionist gospel in the South. But in the last months of 1847, a young Wesleyan Methodist missionary, the [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Andrews, William L. John Baptis Rayner, educator and politician, was born into slavery in Raleigh, the son of Kenneth Rayner, a prominent plantation owner, and Mary Ricks, a slave. With the aid of his father, Rayner [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Neill, Rosemary Clifford. Rosedale, a handsome plantation house about three miles from downtown Charlotte, is considered one of the finest examples of Federal architecture in North Carolina. Particularly notable is the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Carroll, Grady L. E., Sr. Christopher Rush, second superintendent (a title later changed to bishop) of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and a full-blooded African, was born a slave in Craven County. Whether he was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Parramore, Thomas C. Omar Ibn Said, an Islamic scholar, was born in Futa Toro (now a part of Senegal) to a wealthy Muslim family before being enslaved in the United States and eventually North Carolina. Said [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Murray, Elizabeth D. R. Scruggs, Lawson Andrew by Elizabeth Reid Murray, 1994; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, February 2023 Related Entries: African American; Civil Rights; Historically Black [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Watson, Alan D. Settlement of the Coastal Plain, 1650-1775 by Alan D. Watson Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Spring 1995; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, July [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Holland, Ron. Settlement of the Mountains, 1775-1838 "North Carolina's Final Frontier" Related Entries: Cherokee Indians; Asheville; Regions by Ron Holland Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Schweninger, Loren. Slave Clandestine Economy by Loren Schweninger, 2006 Slave clandestine economy refers to a variety of private agricultural and business endeavors undertaken by some North Carolina enslaved [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Lamm, Alan K. The increasing number of Black enslaved people in colonial America created suspicion and fear among the general population and led to a backlash of white reaction known as slave codes. Virginia [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Inscoe, John C. Slave Names by John C. Inscoe, 2006; Revised May 2022 by NC Government & Heritage [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Salemson, Daniel J. North Carolina, unlike other southern states and perhaps due to the lack of major slave rebellions, was slow to establish formal slave patrols. South Carolina first addressed the issue in 1704, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Parramore, Thomas C., Nash, Steven E. Slave Rebellions by Steven E. Nash and Thomas C. Parramore, 2006; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, November 2023 See also: Negro Head Road; Violence, Group Slave [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Slave trade memorial at Zanzibar A memorial to enslaved people in Zanzibar, Tanzania, an East African port once important in the Indian Ocean slave [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Crow, Jeffrey J., Dees-Killette, Amelia, Huff, Diane. Slavery by Jeffrey J. Crow, 2006; Revised by NC Government & Heritage Library, December 2022. Additional research provided by Amelia Dees-Killette and Diane Huff. See also: Ad [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . This image is taken from Henry Bibb's 1849 Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, Written by Himself. This book illustrated and described the cruelties of slavery [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Powell, William S. The Slaves' Midsummer Holiday, when enslaved laborers were permitted a few days off by their enslavers, occurred after crops were laid by and before harvesting began. On August 26, 1862 Catherine Ann [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Tise, Larry E. James Smylie, clergyman, church organizer, and controversialist, was born in the Guilford County area of Scots-Irish parentage. Little is known about his early life other than the fact that he [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Somerset Place by William S. Powell, 2006 Somerset Place is located in Washington County seven miles south of Creswell on Lake Phelps. Originally consisting of more than 100,000 acres, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Horton Grove at Historic Stagville, North Carolina, located in parts of what are now Orange, Durham, Wake, and Granville counties. Established in 1787 by the Bennehan and Cameron families, Stagville [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Stagville slave quarters Slave quarters at Horton Grove at Historic Stagville, located in parts of what are now Orange, Durham, Wake, and Granville counties. Established in 1787 by the Bennehan [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Brinkley, Martin H. State v. John Mann by Martin H. Brinkley, 2006; Revised by NC Government & Heritage Library, December 2022 State v. John Mann, an 1829 North Carolina Supreme Court decision, is [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Brinkley, Martin H. State v. Negro Will by Martin H. Brinkley, 2006; Revised by Jared Dease, Government and Heritage Library, December 2022; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, June 2023 See [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stoesen, Alexander R. State v. Worth by Alexander R. Stoesen, 2006 See also: Daniel Worth (Dictionary of North Carolina Biography), Impending Crisis of the South; Walker's Appeal. Daniel Worth, a Wesleyan [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Kassa, Kemisa. Steele, Murphy By Kemisa Kassa, August 2024  b. 1749-? See also: Thomas Peters, Black Loyalist and African Nationalist, The Black Pioneers Loyalist Company on ANCHOR Murphy [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . Stowage of the British slave ship Brookes under the regulated slave trade act of 1788 Illustration showing deck plans and cross sections of British slave ship [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . The Emancipation Proclamation (page 1) The first page of the Emancipation Proclamation, as signed by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. The remaining pages are available on the website of [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Roanoke Island was the setting for an historic experiment during the Civil War. Following the island’s occupation by Union forces in 1862, it became a haven for African-American families from [...] (from National Park Service.)

by . The Gospel Train is part of the John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip collection at the Library of Congress. John Lomax was a folklorist and musicologist who traveled [...] (from NCpedia.)

by . The Great Dismal Swamp is a large area of natural swampland. It sits on the border between Virginia and North Carolina. It is in the coastal plain and very close to the Atlantic Ocean. The swamp is [...] (from NCpedia K-8 Collection.)

by Bates, Doris McLean. The Quakers and Their War of Resistence By Doris McLean Bates Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 2000. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . The Underground Railroad, painted by Charles T. Webber for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, celebrates abolitionists' efforts to end slavery. It depicts Levi Coffin, his wife Catharine, and [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Alexander, Roberta Sue. Thirteenth Amendment by Roberta Sue Alexander, 2006 The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, sent to the states for ratification in February 1865 with the unanimous support of [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Dease, Jared, Smythe, Andrea. Ishmael Titus was a Black Patriot soldier during the American Revolution. Titus was born around 1743 in Amelia County (now Lunenburg County), Virginia. Titus was born under the ownership of his first [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Williams, Wiley J., Coffin, Alex. The Underground Railroad was a secret system of individuals who assisted freedom seekers in their quest for freedom prior to the Civil War. The term refers to the swift, "invisible" way in [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Underground Railroad routes Map showing some Underground Railroad [...] (from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.)

by Haley, John H. United States Colored Troops: Fighting for Freedom By John H. Haley, PhD Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian 50:2 (spring 2011) An elaborate ceremony took place [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Powell, William S. Walker's Appeal, actually titled Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, was an emotionally charged, powerful antislavery pamphlet published by black Wilmington native David Walker in September [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Engstrom, Mary Claire. Carleton Walker, British-born collector of the Port of Wilmington, paymaster of troops in the War of 1812, and Cape Fear planter and lavish speculator, was the youngest of three sons of James (d. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Inscoe, John C. David Walker, black author of an incendiary antislavery pamphlet, was born in Wilmington to a free mother and a slave father who died before his birth. Despite his free status inherited from his [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Sykes, John. Women of Somerset Place by John Sykes Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 1994; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, July 2023 Tar Heel Junior [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by Powell, William S. Woodward, Sara Griffith Stanley by William S. Powell, 1994 Related Entries: African American 1836–1918 Sara Griffith Stanley Woodward, anti-slavery activist and teacher and one of the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)