Moravians

by Bishir, Catherine W. Part i: Introduction; Part ii: Architectural Influences and Achievements in Early North Carolina; Part iii: Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Other Nineteenth-Century Trends; Part iv: [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Bathing, for most North Carolinians until the twentieth century, was an irregular practice often regarded as unhealthy. William Byrd's "secret history" of the surveying of the dividing line between [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hiester, Jan. Christian Ludwig Benzien, Moravian minister, was born in Westminster, London, to Christian Thomas Benzien and Anna Maria Neisser. As an infant, he came with his parents to America, where they settled [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Marshall, R. Jackson, III. Bethabara is the site of the first Moravian settlement in North Carolina. Located just north of present-day Winston-Salem, Bethabara, meaning "house of passage," was established on 17 Nov. 1753 by 15 [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hiester, Jan. Blum, John Christian by Jan Hiester, 1979 17 July 1784–18 Nov. 1854 John Christian Blum, printer and editor, was born in the Moravian community of Bethabara to Jacob Blum and Maria [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stockton, Edwin L., Jr. John Henry Boner, a southern poet whose technique and themes are suggestive of the poetry of Edgar Allan Poe, was born in Salem during the same year in which Poe achieved international fame with the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hiester, Jan. John Henry Clewell, Moravian minister and college president, was born in the Moravian community of Salem, the son of John David Clewell, a bookbinder and shoemaker, and Dorothea Matilda Shultz. He [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Batson, Whaley W. Jesse Clodfelter (Gladfelder), cabinetmaker, was the first child of Maria Magdalena Walk and John George Gladfelter Jr. The spelling of the family was changed later, and they were from the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Reidinger, Martin. John (Johann) Ettwein, Moravian leader, was born at Freudenstadt in Würtemburg, Germany, the son of Matthias Ettwein (1694–ca. 1755), a local cobbler, and Elizabeth Margaretha Vogler Ettwein (d. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bair, Anna Withers. Adelaide Lisetta Fries, archivist, historian, author, and genealogist, was born in Salem. Her father, John William Fries, was an industrialist, inventor, church leader, and student who [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Albright, Frank P. Francis (Franz) Levin Fries, cotton manufacturer, was born in Salem, the son of John (Johann) Christian William (Wilhelm) Fries, who had been born in Barby, Germany, 22 Nov. 1775. William was trained [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bair, Anna Withers. John William Fries, industrialist, inventor, student, and church leader, was born in Salem, the oldest son of Francis Levin and Lisetta Maria Vogler Fries. In 1840 Francis L. Fries had opened a [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . The Gemeinhaus on Bethabara Historic Park was built in 1788, but has been restored. The building was a church, meeting place, school, and minister's house for the Moravians of North Carolina. It is [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Baxley, Laura Young. German Settlers by Laura Young Baxley, 2006 See also: Swiss and Palatine Settlers; Settlement of the Mountains, 1775-1838 (from Tar Heel Junior Historian); Settlement of the Piedmont [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bair, Anna Withers. God's Acre is the name Moravian congregations give their church cemeteries. In this case, "acre" is from the Old High German word for "field"; "der Gottesacker," or God's Field, is where the physical [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hiester, Jan. Graff, Johann Michael by Jan Hiester, 1986 28 Sept. 1714–29 Aug. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hartley, Michael O., Hartley, Martha B. Imagine that you and your friends are on a trip far from home. It is October 1753, and you are the Moravian Single Brothers—there are fifteen of you on this journey. Your group is traveling to North [...] (from Tar Heel Junior Historian, NC Museum of History.)

by . Hans Wagner's cabin The reconstructed cabin of Hans Wagner, in Bethabara, North Carolina. Wagner was a hunter, trapper, and miller who built this cabin in 1752 in what was then the backcountry of [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Historic Bethabara ParkBuildings at Historic Bethabara Park, the site of the first Moravian settlement in North [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Bennett, Charlotte. John Christian Jacobson, educator and Moravian bishop, was born in Burkhall, Denmark. His parents, both missionaries in the Diaspora service of the Moravian church in Denmark, moved to Skjerne, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Kapp, M. Keith. John Jacob Kapp, early Moravian miller, was born in Münchenstein, near Basel, Switzerland. His parents, Johannes and Judith Kapp, were members of the Reformed church. Fleeing religious persecution [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Jacob Lash (or Loesch), craftsman, was born in Bethabara, the son of Johann Jacob and Anna Loesch. His father, who had moved from Pennsylvania, was justice of the peace for Wachovia from 1758 to [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Williams, Max R. Israel George Lash, businessman, banker, and congressman, was a native of Bethania in Forsyth County. A Moravian by heritage and choice, he was the son of John Christian and Anna Lash. He was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Peacock, Mary R. B. Leinbach, Traugott by Mary Reynolds Peacock, 1991 7 July 1796–30 Apr. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Rosamond C. Loesch, Jacob by Rosamond C. Smith, 1991 22 Nov. 1722–8 Nov. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Maple syrup and maple sugar, usually associated with Vermont and other parts of New England, began to be produced by Moravian settlers in Piedmont North Carolina soon after they arrived in the [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Rodenbough, Charles D. James Martin, merchant, soldier, and legislator, was born in Lebanon Township, Hunterdon County, N.J., the second son of Hugh and Jane Hunter Martin. His father conducted an English school for a [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Kemp, Amy. One of the most famed historic Moravian culinary treats is the spice cookie. The cookie is extremely thin, usually around one millimeter in height, and is traditionally circular and about two inches [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by . Moravian garden An early spring garden at Historic Bethabara Park, the site of the first Moravian settlement in North [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Hutcheson, John A., Jr. Moravian music is one of North Carolina's most striking and significant contributions to the heritage of the fine arts in the United States. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Moravian seal The Moravian seal, symbol of the Moravian church. The image at the center dates to the 1500s, and is referred to as the Agnus Dei -- Latin for "Lamb of God." The lamb, who represents [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Crews, C. Daniel. Moravians are members of a church—officially called the Unitas Fratrum, or Unity of Brethren—that, by the time of their arrival in North Carolina in the middle of the eighteenth century, had already [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. The northern lights, or the aurora borealis, are a rare, spectacular display of multicolored lights in the sky associated with solar flare activity. Usually seen waving-sometimes suggesting blowing [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Outlyers were people with Loyalist, or Tory, sympathies on the eve of the American Revolution who hid in the countryside to avoid being impressed into the Patriot ranks. The Moravians noted that [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walser, Richard. Guy Owen, teacher and writer, was born of Welsh and English ancestry in the Elkton community near Clarkton (called "Clayton" in his fiction) in Bladen County ("Cape Fear County"), the oldest of four [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walser, Richard. James Larkin Pearson, poet and printer, was born of English and Scot-Irish ancestry in a log cabin on Berry's Mountain three miles from Boomer in Wilkes County, the oldest of two sons of William [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Cauble, Frank P. John Frederick Peter, musician, composer, teacher, and minister, was born of German parents in Heerendyck, Holland, where his father, John Frederick Peter, was a Moravian pastor. His mother was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Bair, Anna Withers. Pfohl, Bernard Jacob by Anna Withers Bair, 1994 13 Sept. 1866–5 Dec. 1960 Bernard Jacob Pfohl, church musician, was the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Spach, John Thom. John Kenneth Pfohl, was the 229th bishop of the worldwide Moravian church and the 167th bishop of the Renewed Moravian church. For thirty-one years he proclaimed "The Lord is Risen" to open the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Copeland, J. Isaac. Arthur Franklin Raper, social science analyst, was born in Davidson County, near Lexington, the third of eight children of William Franklin (Frank) and Julia S. Crouse Raper. Frank Raper was a farmer [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Copeland, J. Isaac. John Robert Raper, botanist of international note, was born in Davidson County, near the hamlet of Welcome. He was the youngest of eight children—seven sons and one daughter—of William Franklin [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Reconstructed guest house at historic BethabaraReconstructed guest house at historic Bethabara Recreation of a log building at historic Bethabara. The original was used to house guests at the [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Goins, Michael Edgar. Carl Gotthold Reichel, educator and Moravian bishop, was born in Hermsdorff, Silesia, the son of Carl Rudolph and Eleonore Sophia Reichel. His father was a Lutheran clergyman and family members had [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Sims, E. Thomas. William Cornelius Reichel, educator, historian, and Moravian clergyman, was born in Salem, the son of the Reverend Gotthold Benjamin and Henrietta Frederica Vierling Reichel. Reichel's ancestors were [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Hinman, William. Philip Christian Gottlieb Reuter, Moravian surveyor, architect, and forester, was born in Steinbach, Germany, and lived a difficult childhood as the son of Dr. Johann Marsilius Reuter—a once-wealthy [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Allen, Walser H., Jr. Rondthaler, Edward by Walser H. Allen, Jr., 1994 24 July 1842–31 Jan. 1931 Edward Rondthaler, Moravian bishop, pastor, administrator, teacher, historian, editor, writer, linguist, and [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Surratt, Jerry L. Salem Tavern by Jerry L. Surratt, 2006 Salem Tavern, established in Salem in 1772 and today part of the Old Salem Historic District in Winston-Salem, likely offered the finest hospitality [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Rosamond C. Lewis David von Schweinitz, Moravian clergyman and internationally respected botanist, was born in Bethlehem, Pa. His parents, Hans Christian Alexander and Dorothea Elizabeth von Watteville von [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walker, Philip A. Henry Fries Shaffner, banker, industrialist, and civic and church leader, was born in Salem, the son of Dr. John Francis and Caroline Louisa Fries Shaffner. He was educated in the Boys' School of the [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Walker, Philip A. John Francis Shaffner, Civil War surgeon and leader in civic, business, and medical affairs, was born in Salem, the son of Henry and Lavinia Hauser Shaffner. Baptized and confirmed in the Moravian [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Brawley, James S. Shober, Emanuel by James S. Brawley, 1994; Revised by SLNC Government and Heritage Library, January 2023 13 Feb. 1789–14 June 1846 Emanuel Shober, Moravian church official and state senator, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Brawley, James S. Gottlieb Shober, industrial and business pioneer, lawyer, state senator, postmaster, and church official, was born in Bethlehem, Pa., the son of Andreas and Hedwig Schubert Schober. His grandfather, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Spach, John Thom. Spach, William Elias by John Thom Spach, 1994; Revised December 2021 24 Apr. 1830–21 Feb. 1891 William Elias Spach, wagon maker, was born on his father's farm at Waughtown (now part of [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Queen, Louise L. Spangenberg, Augustus Gottlieb by Louise L. Queen, 1994 15 July 1704–18 Sept. 1792 Augustus Gottlieb Spangenberg, bishop of the Moravian church, was born in Germany, the youngest of four [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. Spaugh, Herbert by William S. Powell, 1994 30 Sept. 1896–22 Nov. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Rosamond C. Abraham Gottlieb Steiner, Moravian clergyman, Native American missionary, and school inspector, was born and raised in Bethlehem, Pa., the son of Abraham Gottlieb and Salome Borstler Steiner. He was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Carpenter, Robert C. Carl August Gottlieb Storch, the third Lutheran minister to serve in North Carolina, was the son of Georg Friedrich Storch, a German merchant, and the former Miss von Asseburg. Carl A. G. Storch was [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Surratt, Jerry L. The Sunday school as an instrument for teaching children originated in Gloucester, England, about 1780. Philanthropist Robert Raikes originated the idea out of his concern for the ignorance and rowdy [...] (from Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Roberts, B. W. C. Van Vleck, Jacob by B. W. C. Roberts, 1996 13 Mar. 1751–3 July [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Stockton, Edwin L., Jr. Vierling, Samuel Benjamin by Edwin L. Stockton, Jr., 1996 5 June 1765–15 Nov. 1817 Samuel Benjamin Vierling, apothecary, physician, and surgeon, was born in Rudelstaedt, Silesia. His [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Smith, Rosamond C. John Vogler, gunsmith, silversmith, and watchmaker, was the son of George Michael and Anna Maria Kunzel Vogler of Friedland. At age eleven John was left an orphan and lived with his maternal [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by . Wachovia monumentWachovia monument This monument memorializes the establishment of the first Moravian settlement in North Carolina. Created in 1806, it stands at the original site of the log cabin [...] (from Government & Heritage Library, State Library of North Carolina.)

by Walser, Richard. Welfare (Wohlfahrt), (Christian) Daniel by Richard Walser, 1996 12 June 1796–30 Aug. [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)

by Powell, William S. James Wellborn (Welborn), army officer and legislator, was born in that part of Rowan County that first became Surry County and then Wilkes County in 1778. Here he made his home during a long life, [...] (from Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, University of North Carolina Press.)